Document updated on Dec 12, 2022
Advanced Macros for Security Policies
The advanced macros are powerful functions that allow you to declare Security Policies with simple expressions, reducing code complexity and speeding up development. Advanced macros are not available on the CEL component, only on Security Policies.
You have the following list of advanced macros always available unless you set in the configuration the disable_advanced_macros
flag to true
.
Math
between
Checks if a specific value is between two numbers of the same numeric type, including the limiting numbers. E.g.: between(2,5,7)
returns true because 2
is between the range.
<double>.between(<double>, <double>) -> <bool>
<int>.between(<int>, <int>) -> <bool>
between(<int>, <int>, <int>) -> <bool>
between(<double>, <double>, <double>) -> <bool>
Examples
between(2,2,2) // returns true
between(2,5,7) // returns false
2.between(1,3) // returns true
2.between(4,5) // returns false
2.0.between(1.9,2.1) // returns true
Strings
isEmpty
Returns true when a specific value does not exist, or it has an empty value (e.g., a string is ""
)
isEmpty(<dyn>) -> <bool>
Examples
isEmpty(object.a) // returns true when object is {"a":"", "b":2}
isEmpty(object.a) // returns true when object is {"a":null, "b":2}
isEmpty(object.c) // returns true when object is {"a":1, "b":2}
isEmpty(object.a) // returns false when object is {"a":"hi", "b":2}
isAlphanumeric
Checks if a specific value is an alphanumeric string. English letters and numbers only. No other characters are allowed.
isAlphanumeric(<string>) -> <bool>
<string>.isAlphanumeric() -> <bool>
Examples
isAlphanumeric("") // returns true
isAlphanumeric("abcDFG123") // returns true
isAlphanumeric("abcD-G123") // returns false
"abcDFG123".isAlphanumeric() // returns true
"abcD-G123".isAlphanumeric() // returns false
isAlphabetic
Checks if a specific value is an alphabetic string. English letters only. No other characters are allowed.
isAlphabetic(<string>) -> <bool>
<string>.isAlphabetic() -> <bool>
Examples
isAlphabetic("") // returns true
isAlphabetic("abcDFG") // returns true
isAlphabetic("abcD-G") // returns false
"abcDFG".isAlphabetic() // returns true
"abcD-G".isAlphabetic() // returns false
find
Returns the first match for the provided regular expression.
<string>.find(<string>) -> <string>
Examples
"abc 123".find('[0-9]*') // returns '123'
"abc 123".find('xyz') // returns ''
charAt
Returns the character at the given position. If the position is negative or greater than the length of the string, the function will produce an error
<string>.charAt(<int>) -> <string>
Examples
'hello'.charAt(4) // returns 'o'
'hello'.charAt(5) // returns ''
'hello'.charAt(-1) // error
indexOf
Returns the integer index of the first occurrence of the search string. If the search string is not found, the function returns -1.
The function also accepts an optional position from which to begin the substring search. If the substring is the empty string, the index where the search starts is returned (zero or custom).
<string>.indexOf(<string>) -> <int>
<string>.indexOf(<string>, <int>) -> <int>
Examples
'hello mellow'.indexOf('') // returns 0
'hello mellow'.indexOf('ello') // returns 1
'hello mellow'.indexOf('jello') // returns -1
'hello mellow'.indexOf('', 2) // returns 2
'hello mellow'.indexOf('ello', 2) // returns 7
'hello mellow'.indexOf('ello', 20) // error
join
Returns a new string where the elements of string list are concatenated. The function also accepts an optional separator which is placed between elements in the resulting string.
<list<string>>.join() -> <string>
<list<string>>.join(<string>) -> <string>
Examples
['hello', 'mellow'].join() // returns 'hellomellow'
['hello', 'mellow'].join(' ') // returns 'hello mellow'
[].join() // returns ''
[].join('/') // returns ''
lastIndexOf
Returns the integer index at the start of the last occurrence of the search string. If the the search string is not found, the function returns -1. The function also accepts an optional position which represents the last index to be considered as the beginning of the substring match. If the substring is the empty string, the index where the search starts is returned (string length or custom).
<string>.lastIndexOf(<string>) -> <int>
<string>.lastIndexOf(<string>, <int>) -> <int>
Examples
'hello mellow'.lastIndexOf('') // returns 12
'hello mellow'.lastIndexOf('ello') // returns 7
'hello mellow'.lastIndexOf('jello') // returns -1
'hello mellow'.lastIndexOf('ello', 6) // returns 1
'hello mellow'.lastIndexOf('ello', -1) // error
lowerAscii
Returns a new string where all ASCII characters are lower-cased. This function does not perform Unicode case-mapping for characters outside the ASCII range.
<string>.lowerAscii() -> <string>
Examples
'TacoCat'.lowerAscii() // returns 'tacocat'
'TacoCÆt Xii'.lowerAscii() // returns 'tacocÆt xii'
replace
Returns a new string based on the target, which replaces the occurrences of a search string with a replacement string if present. The function accepts an optional limit on the number of substring replacements to be made.
When the replacement limit is 0, the result is the original string. When the limit is a negative number, the function behaves the same as replace all.
<string>.replace(<string>, <string>) -> <string>
<string>.replace(<string>, <string>, <int>) -> <string>
Examples
'hello hello'.replace('he', 'we') // returns 'wello wello'
'hello hello'.replace('he', 'we', -1) // returns 'wello wello'
'hello hello'.replace('he', 'we', 1) // returns 'wello hello'
'hello hello'.replace('he', 'we', 0) // returns 'hello hello'
split
Returns a list of strings split from the input by the given separator. The function accepts an optional argument specifying a limit on the number of substrings produced by the split.
When the split limit is 0, the result is an empty list. When the limit is 1, the result is the target string to split. When the limit is a negative number, the function behaves the same as split all.
<string>.split(<string>) -> <list<string>>
<string>.split(<string>, <int>) -> <list<string>>
Examples
'hello hello hello'.split(' ') // returns ['hello', 'hello', 'hello']
'hello hello hello'.split(' ', 0) // returns []
'hello hello hello'.split(' ', 1) // returns ['hello hello hello']
'hello hello hello'.split(' ', 2) // returns ['hello', 'hello hello']
'hello hello hello'.split(' ', -1) // returns ['hello', 'hello', 'hello']
substring
Returns the substring given a numeric range corresponding to character positions. Optionally may omit the trailing range for a substring from a given character position until the end of a string.
Character offsets are 0-based with an inclusive start range and exclusive end range. It is an error to specify an end range that is lower than the start range, or for either the start or end index to be negative or exceed the string length.
<string>.substring(<int>) -> <string>
<string>.substring(<int>, <int>) -> <string>
Examples
'tacocat'.substring(4) // returns 'cat'
'tacocat'.substring(0, 4) // returns 'taco'
'tacocat'.substring(-1) // error
'tacocat'.substring(2, 1) // error
trim
Returns a new string that removes the leading and trailing whitespace in the target string. The trim function uses the Unicode definition of whitespace, which does not include the zero-width spaces. See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitespace_character#Unicode
<string>.trim() -> <string>
Examples
' \ttrim\n '.trim() // returns 'trim'
upperAscii
Returns a new string where all ASCII characters are upper-cased. This function does not perform Unicode case-mapping for characters outside the ASCII range.
<string>.upperAscii() -> <string>
Examples
'TacoCat'.upperAscii() // returns 'TACOCAT'
'TacoCÆt Xii'.upperAscii() // returns 'TACOCÆT XII'
Bitwise
The bitwise operators work at the level of individual bits. All functions expect one or two number arguments that are internally compared bit to bit. The maximum number you can pass is a 64-bit (ignoring the highest bit). Notice that when comparing bits with claims or values found elsewhere, you might need to cast values to integer first.
bitAnd
Returns the result of a bitwise AND binary operation comparing each pair of the corresponding bits. When bits in the same position are both 1, the bit resulting in the binary representation is 1.
bitAnd(<int>, <int>) -> <int>
Examples
bitAnd(6, 1) // returns 0, because 110 AND 001 becomes 000
bitAnd(4, 6) // returns 4, because 100 AND 110 becomes 100
bitAnd(5, 1) // returns 1, because 101 AND 001 becomes 001
bitOr
Returns the result of a bitwise OR (inclusive OR) binary operation comparing each pair of the corresponding bits. The result in each position is 0 if both bits are 0, otherwise the result is 1.
bitOr(<int>, <int>) -> <int>
Examples
bitOr(6, 1) // returns 7, because 110 AND 001 becomes 111
bitOr(4, 6) // returns 6, because 100 AND 110 becomes 110
bitOr(5, 1) // returns 5, because 101 AND 001 becomes 101
bitXor
Returns the result of a bitwise XOR (exclusive OR) binary operation comparing each pair of the corresponding bits. The result in each position is 1 if only one of the bits is 1, otherwise is 0.
bitXor(<int>, <int>) -> <int>
Examples
bitXor(6, 1) // returns 5, because 110 AND 001 becomes 101
bitXor(4, 6) // returns 2, because 100 AND 110 becomes 010
bitXor(5, 1) // returns 4, because 101 AND 001 becomes 100
bitNot
Returns the result of a bitwise NOT (or bitwise complement) that performs the logical negation on each pair of the corresponding bits. Bits that are 1 become 0 and vice-versa. You need a 64-bit calculator to understand the following examples.
bitNot(<int>) -> <int>
Examples
bitNot(2264546456654) // returns 9223349772308319153
bitNot(9223349772308319153) // returns 22264546456654
Headers and query strings
has
Checks if a specific header or query string has a specific key containing a non-empty value. To be used with req_headers
and req_querystring
.
All keys and values must be accessed as strings. Extends the functionality of the built-in has
function.
has(<map<string,list<string>>>, <string>) -> <bool>
<map<string,list<string>>>.has(<string>) -> <bool>
Examples
// With a request passing a header "Content-Type: application/json"
req_headers.has("Content-Type") // returns true
req_headers.has("X-Unknown") // returns false
has(req_headers,"Content-Type") // returns true
has(req_headers,"X-Unknown") // returns false
// With a request /endpoint?a[]=1&a[]=2&b=3&c=5&d=
req_querystring.has("a") // returns true
req_querystring.has("d") // returns false
has(req_querystring, "f") // returns false
hasHeader
Checks if a specific header exists in the request. The endpoint must declare it in the input_headers
list.
hasHeader(<string>) -> <bool>
Examples
hasHeader("") // returns false
hasHeader("User-Agent") // returns true
hasHeader("X-Invented-Header") // returns false
hasCookie
Checks if a specific non-empty cookie exists (the endpoint must declare the header Cookie
in the input_headers
list)|
hasCookie(<string>) -> <bool>
Examples
// With these three cookie headers sent: ["foo=bar;foobar=1", "name=value;a=b;c=1", "empty= "]
hasCookie("foo") // returns true
hasCookie("c") // returns true
hasCookie("empty") // returns false
hasCookie("unknown") // returns false
hasQuerystring
Checks if a specific non-empty query string exists (the endpoint must declare the query string in the input_query_strings
list)
hasQuerystring(<string>) -> <bool>
Examples
// With a request /endpoint?a[]=1&a[]=2&b=3&c=5&d=
hasQuerystring("a") // returns true
hasQuerystring("c") // returns true
hasQuerystring("d") // returns false
hasQuerystring("unknown") // returns false
getHeader
Returns the value of a specific header if exists, otherwise returns an error. The endpoint must include this header in the input_headers
list.
getHeader(<string>) -> <string>
Examples
// With a request passing a header "Content-Type: application/json"
getHeader("Content-Type") // returns "application/json"
getHeader("unknown") // returns an error
getCookie
Checks if a specific non-empty cookie exists. The endpoint must declare the header Cookie
in the input_headers
list.
getCookie(<string>) -> <string>
Examples
// With these three cookie headers sent: ["foo=bar;foobar=1", "name=value;a=b;c=1", "empty= "]
getCookie("foo") // returns "bar"
getCookie("name") // returns "value"
getCookie("emtpy") // returns ""
getCookie("unknown") // returns an error
contains
Checks if a specific object contains in a key a specific value.
It is designed to work with the types of req_headers
and req_querystring
.
All keys and values must be accessed as strings.
contains(<map<string,list<string>>>, <string>, <string>) -> <bool>
<map<string,list<string>>>.contains(<string>, <string>) -> <bool>
Examples
req_headers.contains("Content-Type", "application/json") // returns true when this header is set
req_querystring.contains("foo", "bar") // returns true when ?foo=bar
object.contains("b", "bar") // returns true when object = {"a":["foo"], "b":["bar"]}
contains(object, "b", "bar") // returns true when object = {"a":["foo"], "b":["bar"]}
object.contains("a", "vaz") // returns false when object = {"a":["foo"], "b":["bar"]}
contains(object, "a", "vaz") // returns false when object = {"a":["foo"], "b":["bar"]}
containsCookie
Checks if a specific cookie name contains a specific value. To be used with req_headers
.
All keys and values must be accessed as strings.
containsCookie(<map<string,list<string>>>, <string>, <string>) -> <bool>
<map<string,list<string>>>.containsCookie(<string>, <string>) -> <bool>
Examples
// With these three cookie headers sent: ["foo=bar;foobar=1", "name=value;a=b;c=1", "empty= "]
req_headers.containsCookie("foo", "bar") // returns true
req_headers.containsCookie("name", "value") // returns true
containsCookie(req_headers, "foo", "something") // returns false
containsCookie(req_headers, "unknown", "something") // returns false
containsCookie(req_headers, "empty", "") // returns true
geoIP
Returns all the information provided by the GeoIP plugin. The contents are determined by the ability of MaxMind’s database to return the information.
geoIP() -> <dyn>
Examples
// With the GeoIP plugin enabled
geoIP().Country.IsoCode in ["US","UK","AU"] // returns true if user is from the US
geoIP().RepresentedCountry.IsInEuropeanUnion // returns false if user is from the US
Lists and collections
collate
Providing one or more paths of a list, returns a new list with the elements matching the path.
<list<dyn>>.collate(<string>) -> <list<dyn>>
<list<dyn>>.collate(<list<string>>) -> <list<dyn>>
<map<string,dyn>>.collate(<string>) -> <list<dyn>>
<map<string,dyn>>.collate(<list<string>>) -> <list<dyn>>
Examples
// Given v:
// {
// "a": [
// {"b": 1},
// {"b": 2},
// {"b": 3}
// ],
// "c": [
// {"d": -1, "c": 10},
// {"d": -2, "c": 20},
// {"d": -3, "c": 30}
// ]
// }
v.collate("a") // returns [{"b": 1}, {"b": 2}, {"b": 3}]
v.collate("a.b") // returns [1, 2, 3]
v.collate(["a.b", "c.d"]) // returns [1, 2, 3, -1, -2, -3]
v.collate(["a", "c.d"]) // returns [{"b": 1 }, {"b": 2 }, {"b": 3 }, -1, -2, -3 ]
drop
Providing one or more paths of a list, returns a new list removing all matching paths.
<list<dyn>>.drop(<string>) -> <list<dyn>>
<list<dyn>>.drop(<list<string>>) -> <list<dyn>>
<map<string,dyn>>.drop(<string>) -> <map<string,dyn>>
<map<string,dyn>>.drop(<list<string>>) -> <map<string,dyn>>
Examples
// Given v:
// {
// "a": [
// {"b": 1},
// {"b": 2},
// {"b": 3}
// ],
// "b": [
// {"b": -1, "c": 10},
// {"b": -2, "c": 20},
// {"b": -3, "c": 30}
// ]
// }
v.drop("a") // returns {"b": [{"b": -1, "c": 10}, {"b": -2, "c": 20}, {"b": -3, "c": 30}]}
v.drop("a.b") // returns {"a": [{}, {}, {}], "b": [{"b": -1, "c": 10}, {"b": -2, "c": 20}, {"b": -3, "c": 30}]}
v.drop(["a.b", "b.b"]) // returns {"a": [{}, {}, {}], "b": [{"c": 10}, {"c": 20}, {"c": 30}]}
v.drop(["a", "b.b"]) // returns {"b": [{"c": 10}, {"c": 20}, {"c": 30}]}
dropEmpty
Providing an object, removes any element considered empty
<list<dyn>>.dropEmpty() -> <list<dyn>>
<map<string,dyn>>.dropEmpty() -> <map<string,dyn>>
Examples
// Given v:
// {
// "a": [
// {},
// {},
// {}
// ],
// "b": [
// {"b": -1, "c": 10},
// {"b": -2, "c": 20},
// {"b": -3, "c": 30}
// ]
// }
//
v.dropEmpty() // returns {"b":[{"b":-1, "c":10}, {"b":-2, "c":20}, {"b":-3, "c":30}]}
flatten
Flattens an array returning a list of values resulting from the depth-first traversal of all nested lists.
<list<dyn>...>.flatten() -> <list<dyn>>
Examples
[[1],[2,3],[[[4]],[5,6]]].flatten() // returns [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
[[{"a":1,"b":[10, 11]}],[2,3],[[[4]],[5,6]]].flatten() // returns [{"a":1, "b":[10, 11]}, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
merge
Merges two objects in a single one, taking precedence the one passed as value.
<map<K,V>>.merge(<map<K,V>>) -> <map<K,V>>
Examples
{"a":1, "b":2}.merge({"a":10, "c":3}) // returns {"a":10, "b":2, "c":3}
resp_data.merge(JWT) // returns all the JWT data and response data together
isSorted
Returns true if the provided list of comparable elements is sorted, else returns false.
<list<T>>.isSorted() -> <bool>, T must be a comparable type
Examples
[1, 2, 3].isSorted() // returns true
['a', 'b', 'b', 'c'].isSorted() // returns true
[2.0, 1.0].isSorted() // returns false
[1].isSorted() // returns true
[].isSorted() // returns true
sum
Returns the sum of the elements of the provided list. Supports CEL number (int, uint, double) and duration types.
<list<T>>.sum() -> <T>, T must be a numeric type or a duration
Examples
[1, 3].sum() // returns 4
[1.0, 3.0].sum() // returns 4.0
['1m', '1s'].sum() // returns '1m1s'
emptyIntList.sum() // returns 0
emptyDoubleList.sum() // returns 0.0
[].sum() // returns 0
min
Returns the minimum valued element of the provided list. Supports all comparable types. If the list is empty, an error is returned.
<list<T>>.min() -> <T>, T must be a comparable type
Examples
[1, 3].min() // returns 1
[].min() // error
[1].min() // returns 1
([0] + emptyList).min() // returns 0
["foo", "bar"].min() // returns "bar"
max
Returns the maximum valued element of the provided list. Supports all comparable types. If the list is empty, an error is returned.
<list<T>>.max() -> <T>, T must be a comparable type
Examples
[3, 0.7, 1].max() // returns 3
[1.3, 1.4].max() // returns 1.4
["foo", "bar"].max() // returns "foo"
indexOf
Returns the first positional index of the provided element in the list. If the element is not found, -1 is returned. Supports all equatable types.
<list<T>>.indexOf(<T>) -> <int>, T must be an equatable type
Examples
[1, 2, 2, 3].indexOf(2) // returns 1
['a', 'b', 'b', 'c'].indexOf('a') // returns 0
[1.0].indexOf(1.1) // returns -1
[].indexOf('string') // returns -1
lastIndexOf
Returns the last positional index of the provided element in the list. If the element is not found, -1 is returned. Supports all equatable types.
<list<T>>.lastIndexOf(<T>) -> <int>, T must be an equatable type
Examples
[1, 2, 2, 3].lastIndexOf(2) // returns 2
['a', 'b', 'b', 'c'].lastIndexOf('b') // returns 2
[1.0].lastIndexOf(1.1) // returns -1
[].lastIndexOf('string') // returns -1
URL
url
Converts a string to a URL or results in an error if the string is not a valid URL. The URL must be an absolute URI or an absolute path.
url(<string>) -> <URL>
Examples
url('https://user:[email protected]:80/path?query=val#fragment') // returns a URL
url('/absolute-path') // returns a URL
url('https://a:b:c/') // error
url('../relative-path') // error
isURL
Returns true if a string is a valid URL. The URL must be an absolute URI or an absolute path.
isURL(<string>) -> <bool>
Examples
isURL('https://user:[email protected]:80/path?query=val#fragment') // returns true
isURL('/absolute-path') // returns true
isURL('https://a:b:c/') // returns false
isURL('../relative-path') // returns false
getScheme
Returns the scheme of an URL or an empty string when absent.
<URL>.getScheme() -> <string>
Examples
url('/path').getScheme() // returns ''
url('https://example.com/').getScheme() // returns 'https'
getHost
Returns the host of an URL or an empty string when absent.
IPv6 addresses are returned with braces, e.g. [::1]
.
<URL>.getHost() -> <string>
Examples
url('https://example.com:80/').getHost() // returns 'example.com:80'
url('https://example.com/').getHost() // returns 'example.com'
url('https://[::1]:80/').getHost() // returns '[::1]:80'
url('https://[::1]/').getHost() // returns '[::1]'
url('/path').getHost() // returns ''
getHostname
Returns the host name of an URL or an empty string when absent.
IPv6 addresses are returned without braces, e.g. ::1
<URL>.getHostname() -> <string>
Examples
url('https://example.com:80/').getHostname() // returns 'example.com'
url('https://127.0.0.1:80/').getHostname() // returns '127.0.0.1'
url('https://[::1]:80/').getHostname() // returns '::1'
url('/path').getHostname() // returns ''
getPort
Returns the port of an URL or an empty string when absent.
<URL>.getPort() -> <string>
Examples
url('https://example.com:80/').getPort() // returns '80'
url('https://example.com/').getPort() // returns ''
url('/path').getPort() // returns ''
getEscapedPath
Returns the escaped URL or an empty string when absent.. E.g., with space
becomes with%20space
.
<URL>.getEscapedPath() -> <string>
Examples
url('https://example.com/path').getEscapedPath() // returns '/path'
url('https://example.com/path with spaces/').getEscapedPath() // returns '/path%20with%20spaces/'
url('https://example.com').getEscapedPath() // returns ''
getQuery
Returns the query parameters in “matrix” form where a repeated query key is interpreted to mean that there are multiple values for that key. The keys and values are returned unescaped. If absent in the URL, returns an empty map.
<URL>.getQuery() -> <map <string>, <list <string>>
Examples
url('https://example.com/path?k1=a&k2=b&k2=c').getQuery() // returns { 'k1': ['a'], 'k2': ['b', 'c']}
url('https://example.com/path?key with spaces=value with spaces').getQuery() // returns { 'key with spaces': ['value with spaces']}
url('https://example.com/path?').getQuery() // returns {}
url('https://example.com/path').getQuery() // returns {}
Encoding
toJSON
Returns the JSON representation of an object.
toJSON(<dyn>) -> <string>
<dyn>.toJSON() -> <string>
Examples
{"foo":1, "bar":[1, 2, 3]}.toJSON() // returns "{\"foo\":1,\"bar\":[1,2,3]}"
toJSON({"foo":1, "bar":[1, 2, 3]}) // returns "{\"foo\":1,\"bar\":[1,2,3]}"
fromJSON
Returns an object from a JSON representation.
<bytes>.fromJSON() -> <dyn>
<string>.fromJSON() -> <dyn>
fromJSON(<bytes>) -> <dyn>
fromJSON(<string>) -> <dyn>
Examples
"{\"foo\":1,\"bar\":[1,2,3]}".fromJSON() // returns {"foo":1, "bar":[1, 2, 3]}
"{\"a\":1,\"bar\":[1,2,3]}".fromJSON() // returns {"a":1, "bar":[1, 2, 3]}
fromJSONStream
Returns a list of objects from a JSON stream.
<bytes>.fromJSONStream() -> <list<dyn>>
<string>.fromJSONStream() -> <list<dyn>>
fromJSONStream(<bytes>) -> <list<dyn>>
fromJSONStream(<string>) -> <list<dyn>>
Examples
'{"foo":1}{"bar":2}'.fromJSONStream() // returns [{"foo":1}, {"bar":2}]
'{"foo":1}{"bar":2}'.fromJSONStream() // returns [{"foo":1}, {"bar":2}]
base64
Returns the base64 encoding of a string or array of bytes
base64(<bytes>) -> <string>
base64(<string>) -> <string>
<bytes>.base64() -> <string>
<string>.base64() -> <string>
Examples
"hello world".base64() // returns "aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ="
base64Raw
Returns the base64 encoding of a string or array of bytes
base64Raw(<bytes>) -> <string>
base64Raw(<string>) -> <string>
<bytes>.base64Raw() -> <string>
<string>.base64Raw() -> <string>
Examples
"hello world".base64Raw() // returns "aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ"
hex
Returns the base64 encoding of a string or array of bytes
hex(<bytes>) -> <string>
hex(<string>) -> <string>
<bytes>.hex() -> <string>
<string>.hex() -> <string>
Examples
"hello world".hex() // returns "68656c6c6f20776f726c64"
Cryptography
sha1
Returns the SHA1 of a string or array of bytes
sha1(<bytes>) -> <bytes>
sha1(<string>) -> <bytes>
<bytes>.sha1() -> <bytes>
<string>.sha1() -> <bytes>
Examples
"hello world".sha1() // returns "Kq5sNclPz7QV2+lfQIuc6R7oRu0="
"hello world".sha1().hex() // returns "2aae6c35c94fcfb415dbe95f408b9ce91ee846ed"
sha256
Returns the SHA2 of a string or array of bytes
sha256(<bytes>) -> <bytes>
sha256(<string>) -> <bytes>
<bytes>.sha256() -> <bytes>
<string>.sha256() -> <bytes>
Examples
"hello world".sha256() // returns "uU0nuZNNPgilLlLX2n2r+sSE7+N6U4DukIj3rOLvzek="
"hello world".sha256().hex() // returns "b94d27b9934d3e08a52e52d7da7dabfac484efe37a5380ee9088f7ace2efcde9"
hmac
Returns the HMAC of a string or array of bytes
hmac(<bytes>, <string>, <bytes>) -> <bytes>
hmac(<string>, <string>, <bytes>) -> <bytes>
<bytes>.hmac(<string>, <bytes>) -> <bytes>
<string>.hmac(<string>, <bytes>) -> <bytes>
Examples
"hello world".hmac("sha256", b"key") // returns "C6BvH5pjAEYeQ0VFNdw8QiPkex01cHPXU26ukOwJW+E="
"hello world".hmac("sha256", b"key").hex() // returns "0ba06f1f9a6300461e43454535dc3c4223e47b1d357073d7536eae90ec095be1"
uuid
Returns a random UUID v4 string
uuid() -> <string>
Examples
uuid() // returns "582fc58b-f983-4c35-abb1-65c507c1dc0c"